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Sir Marc Aurel Stein, KCIE, FBA ((ハンガリー語:Stein Márk Aurél)) (26 November 1862 – 26 October 1943) was a Hungarian-British archaeologist, primarily known for his explorations and archaeological discoveries in Central Asia. He was also a professor at Indian universities. Stein was also an ethnographer, geographer, linguist and surveyor. His collection of books and manuscripts taken from Dunhuang caves is important for the study of the history of Central Asia and the art and literature of Buddhism. He wrote several volumes on his expeditions and discoveries which include Ancient Khotan, Serindia and Innermost Asia. ==Early life== Stein was born to Nathan Stein and Anna Hirschler, a Jewish couple residing in Budapest in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His parents and his sister retained their Jewish faith but Stein and his brother, Ernst Eduard, were baptised as Lutherans, apparently to free them from the anti-semitism which would have denied them access to education and advancement. At home the family spoke German and Magyar, the language of Hungarian nationalist revival in the 19th century,〔Colquhoun, A. R., & Colquhoun, E. M. C. (1914). (The whirlpool of Europe, Austria-Hungary and the Habsburgs ). New York: Dodd, Mead.〕 and Stein was proud of this heritage for the rest of his life. He attended Catholic and Lutheran gymnasiums in Budapest, where he mastered Greek, Latin, French, and English before going on for advanced study at Universities of Vienna, Leipzig and Tübingen. He graduated in Sanskrit and Farsi and received his Ph.D. from Tübingen in 1883. In 1884 he went to England to study oriental languages and archaeology. He became a British citizen in 1904〔Annabel Walker. (Stein, Sir (Marc) Aurel (1862–1943) ), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved 26 November 2015.〕 and made his famous expeditions with British sponsorship. In 1887, Stein went to India, where he joined the Punjab University as Registrar. Later, between 1888 and 1899, he was the Principal of Oriental College, Lahore.〔 Stein was influenced by Sven Hedin's 1898 work ''Through Asia''. Realizing the importance of Central Asian history and archaeology he sent a proposal to the government to explore, map and study the people of Central Asia. In May 1900 he received the approval to lead an expedition to Chinese Turkestan which was strategically located in High Asia where the Russians and Germans were already taking interest. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aurel Stein」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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